Australian police exposed Cambodian scam scripts, Meta alleged renewed NSO-linked targeting, and investigators tracked cloud-theft and payment-skimming campaigns. A supply-chain worm hit npm packages, critical flaws affected Gogs and UniFi systems, and multinational enforcement actions disrupted scam infrastructure. Policy developments included European technology sovereignty initiatives and updated cloud-security guidance influencing evidence preservation and cross-border investigations.

Education-sector cyber incidents, software supply-chain compromises and actively exploited mobile vulnerabilities dominated this reporting period. Reported attacks affecting Indian examination platforms, malicious npm package activity and Android security flaws drew significant attention. Regulators in Hong Kong, Europe and the United States also advanced AI-related cybersecurity measures, while Europol and U.S. policymakers highlighted evolving cybercrime enforcement and investigative capabilities.